Verb Tense refers to the form of a verb indicating when an action takes place or when a condition exists. In English, the verb tenses are as follows:
Past Tense
indicates an action that took place in the past and is formed
by adding -d or -ed
to the simple form of regular verbs, or by changing the form of irregular verbs.
Future Tense
indicates action that will take place. Although a number of constructions can be used to indicate fuure action, future tense verb forms
consist of the auxiliary (helping) verb will plus the present tense form of the verb
. Future tense has the following uses:
*** NOTE *** shall is formal usage in future tense used only in the first person (I, We). At all other times, use will.
Perfect Tenses
designate actions that were completed or will be completed before other conditions are acted upon. Perfect tenses are formed with the appropriate form of the
auxiliary (helping) verb have plus the past participle (-ed or -en form of the verb)
.
Perfect perfect
tense indicates an action that has begun in the past and extends up to (or through) the present, or an action that has occurred at no specific time in the past.
Present perfect is formed with have or has plus the past participle
.
Past perfect
tense indicates an action that was completed at some specific time in the past, or occurred before another action took place (usually mentioned within the same sentence).
Past perfect is formed with had plus the past participle
.
Future perfect
tense indicates that an action will be finished before some specified or predictable time in the future (usually mentioned within the sentence), or before some other future action occurs.
Future perfect is formed with will have (shall have only in very formal writing) plus the past participle
.
Progressive tense forms express ongoing, continuing action. Progressive forms consist of the appropriate auxiliary (helping) verbs plus the present participle (-ing form of the verb).
Present progressive
(also called present continuous) tense indicates an action that is happening at the time it is written or spoken about.
Present progressive is formed with am, is or are plus the present participle
.
Past progressive
tense indicates an action continuing in the past, or an action that was occurring at the same time another took place.
Past progressive is formed with was or were plus the present participl e.
Future progressive
tense indicates an action that will be continuing at a future time.
Future progressive is formed with will be plus the present participle.
Present perfect progressive
tense describes action ongoing from the past and is likely to continue into the future.
Present perfect progressive is formed with has been/have been plus the present participle
.
Past perfect progressive
tense indicates a past action which continued until a second action occurred. Both actions are usually mentioned within the same sentence.
Past perfect progressive is formed with had been plus the present participle
.
Future perfect progressive
tense describes an action that will continue until a future time (usually mentioned with the same sentence).
Future perfect progressive is formed with will have been plus the present participle
.
VERB TENSE | USE |
simple PRESENT | simple form of verb |
simple PAST | simple form of verb +d/ed |
simple FUTURE | will + simple form of verb |
PRESENT PERFECT | have/has + the past participle |
PAST PERFECT | had + the past participle |
FUTURE PERFECT | will have + the past participle |
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE | is/are + the present participle |
PAST PROGRESSIVE | was/were + the present participle |
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE | will be + the present participle |
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE | has been/have been + the present participle |
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE | had been + the present participle |
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE | will have been + the present participle |